Newsletter Autumn 2000

BCC Newsletter Autumn 2000

Following the success of the celebrations of the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Club, it is perhaps time to reflect on the our future into the Twenty-first Century. Any clubs continuing future is of course reliant on its new and in particular its young members. Whilst there is no doubt of the strength of the Club on the night of the Dinner in attracting so many past members, it was perhaps a source of sadness that there were so few younger and active cavers. For the Club to continue forth for the next fifty years, we need to attract and keep young members and encourage more caving. Whilst there is no easy solution to this problem, I feel that the Club needs to do some advertising and promotional work to ensure the future of the Club as an active one.

Burnley Caving Club owns a fine resource in its training tower, indeed I am sure it would be the envy of many other clubs. However I feel the resource is under utilised. The tower is only open for an hour on Thursday evening and then it is infrequently used. Perhaps it is time to open and promote this resource at other times and encourage people to experience caving training. Maybe the answer is to advertise beginner caving trips and get people underground.

The Editor has hopefully started this process by advertising the Club on a new promotional poster which has been placed in a number of local venues including Libraries, Youth clubs and Colleges. In the meantime responses are invited to these thoughts, either verbally or even better in written form for publication in future Newsletters.

Work has commenced on protecting the Library contents from the damp atmosphere in the Clubroom. Club members led by Will, have constructed a plinth to raise the clubs collection of magazines off the floor. Heating has been installed under the plinth to allow air to circulate freely. A grant has been submitted to Dyb Sac for asphalting work to the floor. Thanks are due to Nick Earnshaw and Chris Bosomworth for their work on the submission. Following a successful award of £600, the clubhouse now boasts a new asphalt floor .

The owner of White Scar Caves Mr. Anthony Bagshaw of Marchington Hall, Uttoxeter sadly died shortly after Christmas. It was 28 February 1975 that Mr Bagshaw bought the caves furthering it's popularity as Britains largest Show Cave and employing many local people. Over the years he has made many external and internal improvements, most notably extending the show cave into Battlefield Chamber. He is succeeded by his son Anthony Bagshaw who continues management of the cave.
 

The 50th. Anniversary Dinner was well attended with 102 people enjoying themselves. The raffle raised over a £100 for club funds with various prizes, including whisky wine mystery prizes and free years club membership, for the lucky winners. The total age of the attendees competition raised £20. See Bernie Bonds later report for more details.

The bad weather at the start of the year has led to a damp start to the years caving. Nevertheless club members have continued caving with in excess of 45 trips undertaken in both Derbyshire and Yorkshire.

Reports were received from the committee members at the Annual General Meeting held on November 16th. The Annual General Meeting is to be held on November 16th. 2000, and the next A.G.M. on March 24th 2001. The next C.N.C.C. meetings are to be held at the Village Hall, Hellifield on 2 June, 13 October 2000 and 19 January 2001. The C.N.C.C. Annual General Meeting is to be held on 17 March 2001. Geoff Barber of Burnley Caving Club now holds the position of Chairman of the C.N.C.C. The current C.N.C.C. Committee consists of the following clubs: Bradford Potholing Club, Burnley Caving Club, Dent House Speleological Society, Craven Potholing Club, Orpheus Caving Club, Red Rose Caving and Potholing Club, Yorkshire Ramblers Club and Lancashire Underground Club. A C.N.C.C. Training Event was held at Ingleborough Hall, Clapham on the 14th. May 2000.

Bill Clunie, of Stainforth passed the remark on the way back home " Its a first for me to have been on a Bus Meet from the Dales to Burnley, its been a good do ! ". George asked " Are tha still awake Fritz ? ". " Aye but is it half pasted two or half pasted three ? ". George - " If tha took out half them light bulbs thad still be able to see in Horton ! ".

The fiftieth Anniversary Dinner was held at The Comfort Inn in Burnley and by 7.45p.m. all the one hundred and two members and guests were assembled , chatting to friends and drinks flowing. Is George gonna give us a speech ? " Not prepared " says George " but I knows a joke or two ". Long may Burnley Caving Club prosper, prepared or not he did not let the audience down. Chairman, Nick Earnshaw began the proceedings and to introduce our first speaker Peter Carroll, Founder Member. An organisation to have lasted fifty years says a great deal and has held together many happy memories. From those early trips, to the Friday nights after the pub and "Back to Baileys", testing the new tent in the front room and sleeping there. Connie Bailey and Inez Hoddy sitting close by chuckled. To Tiger Payne riding his motor bike round the public bar.

George Perfect stood up, he gave a short reminder to all the members seated, both he and Fritz Volkmann felt pleased and honoured to be at this occasion. He has had a long friendship with the members present, and may that continue to prosper for its next fifty years. Unprepared as he was to give more than a few words to the audience. He told of the ageing couple who repeated their honeymoon meal together in the nude, its listeners unprepared for George's humorous twist jokes the audience fell apart at the end of the story. For those not able to make it to the dinner or hear the joke, bosoms and hot porridge do not go together.

The President, Raymond Haffner gave a mixed well thought reply to the speakers, we should be reminded since our last forty-fifth Dinner we have seen the sad passing away of such members as Raymond Morris, Edgar Rawlinson and Walter Armitage, unwell are other respected friends and members Peter Lambert, Noel Coupe and Nook.

" We are privileged here tonight to have George and Fritz brought from Horton In Ribblesdale with Mr. Jim Davis, Red Rose Potholing Club. I would like to thank all you old friends from far and wide who have come here tonight to share this special event with us. Two letters have been received, Alec Peacock being unable to come from France and a very kind response and apology from long time friend and resident of Horton, Mr. and Mrs. Peter Bayes and their son Matthew of the Penyghent Cafe ". A further guest Mr. Sid Perou, film producer of many documentaries showing above and below ground sat enjoying the proceedings.

The condition of Trevor Rambadts' Memorial Seat at the Pinfold, Horton was drawn to the attention of the members. Requiring further maintenance a collection would take place during the course of the evening. A generous £108 dropped into the collecting tin and from this the joiner Mr. Tom Lawson of High Bentham would be given the go ahead for the needed repairs. During the early years of Trevors' chairmanship he did an awful lot to hold the club together and without him at that time its possible that we may not have been here today celebrating our fiftieth anniversary. Raymond gave a humorous donation of jokes rounding off the Presidents' talk.

The Clubs Clubmans Trophy had been returned for the evenings dinner, the members were told that this dinner and the year 2000 would not go unnoticed and so a Millennium Member had been chosen. Awarded for club contributions over a very long period the award was given to Raymond Haffner, founder member. Geoff Barbers' Jenny took the £50 prize for correctly guessing the total ages of those present. All those grey hairs and an average age of forty-nine years !.

Thanks to all those who gave their time and efforts to making a well organised and well run event. A special thanks to Trevor and Linda Howarth who, from the beginning, soldiered on, putting up with paperwork and telephoning from their home.

The Times newspaper amongst others reported the death of pioneer cave diver Graham Balcombe. Simon de Bruxelle reported cave divers gathered in the depths of Wookey Hole last night (July 14th ) to pay tribute to the man who led the way. Graham Balcombe, who died this year at the age of 94, made the first cave dive in 1935 while wearing a heavy brass helmet, lead boots and a canvas.

He penetrated just a few hundred yards into the vast system of submerged caverns carved by the River Axe in Somerset which since has been explored to a distance of two miles.

As well as being the first cave-diving expedition, the event was the BBC's first live outside radio broadcast. Transmission ended prematurely when Mr Balcombe, who was wired with a microphone shouted " Pump, you bastards, pump" at the team operating the hand-powered air pump.

A plaque was unveiled at the point where Mr Balcombe entered the water and Dany Bradshaw scattered the veteran cave divers ashes in one of the caverns he discovered.

A new stone cairn and seat can now be found on Banty Hill, Swaledale, positioned next to the roadway after you climb from the Buttertubs before dropping down to the road junction of Thwaite and to Muker.

To celebrate the Millennium the Parish of Muker have constructed a well positioned cairn marked with a plaque saying "Muker parish 2000". Built by local tradesmen it is well designed and a credit to this very unspoilt area of the Dales. On Saturday 1st July a celebration took place by the landmark where the local people were transported there by charabanc, a picnic was taken and the Muker Silver band attended. The cairn with its time capsule built inside was then considered duly opened.

Peter Lambert died on 7 May 2000. Peter was a B.C.C. member in the early years of the club and had kept close links over the years. He started his caving with the British Speleological Association in Settle before joining Burnley Caving Club. Although not a founder member he joined in the very early days of the club and was present on many of the early caving trips.

Well respected he was employed in a senior position at Lancashire River Authority later North West Water. Later in life he worked as a consultant to the water industry enjoying trips to Malaysia and China. For 25 years he shared a boat and enjoyed offshore sailing with Raymond Haffner, both being members of Blackpool and Fleetwood Yacht Club. He is survived by his wife Bernice and daughter Rachel. We send our condolences to Bernice and Rachel at this sad time.

Our 50th. Anniversary Dinner guest Fritz Volkmann of Horton in Ribblesdale, suffered a double heart attack in June. Now very much on the mend and walking to his local shop; like his neighbour George Perfect he has not lost his sense of humour. By his bedside he told hid doctor " Am I 100% knackered". Our good wishes go to Fritz for his continuing recovery.

Congratulations to Steve Crane our Meets Secretary and his wife, Kate on the birth of their first daughter Eleanor 8lbs. 10oz. on 13th September 2000.

The area below the Great Aven in Simpsons Pot, Kingsdale is dangerously unstable. A number of large boulders and a quantity of mud has fallen beneath the huge jammed boulder which forms the "floor" on which you land when descending the Great Aven pitch, threatening to block the way down into Kingsdale Master Cave. One very large boulder is perched just above the squeeze down at the base of the of Simpsons/ Swinsto final pitches and if it falls, will cut off the way on.

Philosophers crawl may remain open, but if the huge boulder comes down this will also likely be blocked. Wet weather will aggravate the situation by washing down the rubble which is presently holding the block in place.

For the time being it seems sensible to avoid descending the Great Aven, and potential through trippers should be aware that Simpsons/Swinsto through trips may well be impossible, and should bear this in mind if contemplating one way trips. Keep an eye out for the notices have been posted in Inglesport and Bernies giving updates on the situation.

The hardwood seat has now been returned to the Pinfold on Saturday 15th April. I wish to thank those concerned with the work involved and the collection of money given at the 50th Dinner at Burnley. These non members but willing hands were Mr R. Chalmers of Ingleton transport, Mr T. Lawson of High Bentham joiner, Mr P. Bayes/ Mr. M. Bayes of "Penyghent Cafe" and Mr K. Jowitt of the Parish Council Of Horton in Ribblesdale. Mr Lawsons joinery bill came to £80 and the remaining amount has been placed in a new Trevor Rambadt club account for future donations to needed seat repairs.

Below is a copy from the Craven Herald and Pioneer of 18th June 1975. A relative of George Perfect obliged to prune the untidy Cottoneaster which is a central position of the Pinfold. Further to this a working party of Trevors friends hopes to visit the site.

Noel Coupe one of the first members of Burnley Caving Club is seriously ill in a London Hospice. Already an experienced potholer with the B.S.A. he joined B.C.C. at the inaugural meeting at 61 Oxford Road Burnley. Very much a mentor to the club our thoughts go to Noel and his family at this difficult time.

The report on a Functional Analysis of British Caving will be produced by early October. As the consultant is still obtaining views, no one knows what it will say. But whatever the report does say . it will be the start of a substantial discussion on where the organisation of British Caving goes from here.

N.C.A. plans to place the report on its web site and also make copies available to those who want it. It is anticipated that the report will then be discussed by all of N.C.A.'s constituent bodies including the regional councils by the new year, thus allowing the N.C.A. to formulate a response to the report at its January 2001 Council meeting and possibly make some proposals for N.C.A.'s A.G.M. to consider. Whatever your views may be, make sure you make them known to your local regional council. SPELEOscene will carry a summary of the report in its next issue due out by early November.

After a long illness Brian Pearson died in New Zealand on September 28th 2000. Whilst not a member of B.C.C., Brian served for many years as a controller with the Cave Rescue Organisation and was well known to many members. An architect in Settle he recently moved to New Zealand where he lived an adventurous live with his daughter and family. He will be sadly missed by all his many friends and family.

We had located Hellot Hole last weekend, where, after a little digging we were able to descend some 60 feet below the surface, only to be stopped, by a sharp contraction of the fissure. This morning George Cornes went down to examine the possibility of enlarging the fissure, whilst W. Oakes, L. Kitchen, Wilf Taylor and myself scouted over the moorland in search of new openings. It was a gloriously sunny day and we sat on the grass to rest. I suddenly became aware that the grass was quivering in a strong air current that was blowing up through the sod from below. We quickly got to work and it was only a matter of minutes before we could send a stone rattling down, sheer, over 100 feet. It was too late in the day to make a descent, but Oakes and Cornes climbed down a little way, returning to say the prospects looked pretty good.

FIRST DESCENT.

With the assistance of my father we descended the hole this morning. Fortunately there was a large rock close to the entrance making an excellent belay for our ladders. Fifty feet of ladder enabled Oakes to reach the second ledge. I went down to the first one, only 15 feet from the surface, yet out of sight of the sky owing to the smallness and crookedness of the hole. Tackle was lowered to Oakes, then I joined him; ladders were rigged, and Kitchen came down to us. All preparations were completed, Oaks adjusted his life-line, then he slid over the edge into darkness.

The hole near the surface consisted of three parallel shafts which ultimately joined, forming, nearer the bottom, a good sized pothole. The ledge we sat on consisted of a few jammed rocks resting on the rock "screen" which divides the hole. The life-line ran out steadily, and it was not very long before Oakes notified us he had reached the bottom. Wilf Taylor joined us and I then descended the swaying ladder.

I found Oakes - as usual - in a hole in the floor where we pottered about until Kitchen and Taylor joined us. We all climbed upwards into a large passage and made our way over piles of rock into a good sized chamber. There were several passages leading off this, so we separated. I went straight ahead, clambering up a rock face, through a short passage, and into a glistening chamber. It was an amazing sight which met my eye. In the beam of my light a million crystals leaped into twinkling life. Stalactites and stalagmites glistened, and three of the latter - not more than 3 to 4 inches in diameter - extended from floor to roof, the longest being some 16 feet in height. There were many dried out pools, their crystal contents being things of perfect beauty.

Cornes had disappeared into regions unknown, to return after hours of wandering insisting that we should follow his lead. A way through a contracted passage made even more difficult by being divided into two by a rock bridge, with just sufficient room to wriggle through into 12 inches of -the most vile and slushy mud one could possibly encounter. Down a 20 foot pitch into an extensive cavern with a low, flat roof, the floor of mud being divided into two by a canyon some 20 feet deep through which a sluggish stream flowed. This section Cornes had named 'The Graveyard' for innumerable stalagmites, ranging from a few inches to three to four feet, stood like tomb stones on a barren hillside. A low crawl led to an annex of The Graveyard, low, but containing innumerable encrustation's. The whole of this section is truly a cave explorer's dream - realised. This section ended in a pothole which we had no tackle available to explore.

SLOW PROGRESS.

A little - only a little - more of Lancaster Hole yielded its secrets today. Cornes, Wilf Taylor and I made a thorough exploration of The Graveyard. We explored a labyrinth of contracted passages most of which, unfortunately, dwindled away to nothing after a few feet. One, however, was more promising. A few loose rocks blocked our way but beyond them the cave seemed to open out a little, and the drip of water could be heard some way ahead. A strong air current came from this hole. Another low cave has possibilities but it is only some 18 inches high and three feet wide, and is festooned with beautiful stalactite straws. We just simply had not the heart to break them. We next made an attack on the stream passage leading from the Graveyard. We lowered Wilf Taylor down the 20 feet into the canyon, and he was able to continue for some distance although the passage was narrow and he encountered a number of obstacles. Finally he came to a narrow canal with water 5 to 6 inches deep but turned back when faced with a rock curtain descending almost to the surface of the water.

Oakes and the others were engaged all day in clearing dangerous rocks and preparing for the descent of the pitch, discovered by Oakes during our last visit, in the boulder floor of the entrance passage leading out to the foot of the surface ladder.

Our task for today was the descent of the pitch partly cleared by Oakes during our last visit. A lot of hard work was necessary before the climb was considered moderately safe and the ladders rigged. This portion of the descent was through a ruckle of boulders at the bottom of which was a fissure not more than one foot wide. So narrow is this fissure that it is not possible to climb down the ladder in the usual way. Much exertion and patient wriggling is needed to slide down alongside the ladder. Fortunately the hole opens out after about 10 feet, and from there onwards the shaft is spacious and the climb is an easy one over a series of ledges. Several small passages branch off, and at the bottom is the usual basin drained by a very narrow horizontal fissure.

We investigated the side caves as we returned. Only one, near the bottom is promising. It starts as a low bedding cave but further in it is of semi-circular section, both low and narrow. A rock which lay on the floor brought us to a stop. We were able to shine our lights past the obstruction and could see that the tunnel continued. A cool draught was blowing on our faces. Lying on virgin soil, with unknown lands ahead, the explorer is not easily halted; but it was no use, that rock - for the present at any rate - was - the master.

THE MASTER CAVE.

Owing to a series of mishaps I was the only explorer at work below ground today. Gemmell and Ridges were down surveying and I got busy on the boulder obstruction in the small tunnel near the foot of the last pitch. Eventually I managed to undermine the rock and let it down so that I could just squeeze through. The passage opened into a roomy cavern and it was soon possible to walk upright. A gravely stream-bed appeared and disappeared; a small chamber was passed, then another with a stream of water falling from the roof. The way continued, twisting and branching so frequently that I feared I should not find my way back. Many stalactites and stalagmites were seen and at length I entered a large cavern. It was some 30 to 40 feet wide, and ran in a Southerly direction. I could hear the sound of a waterfall ahead. Passing some fine stalactite curtains and a deep pitch in the floor, I came to a great gulf which cut across the cavern. Gazing down into spray filled darkness I could dimly see a rough boulder-strewn floor. A stream emerged from high on the opposite side and fell 100 feet into the abyss.

Tackle was needed now so I made my way back - through a different series of passages - to where the surveyors were at work. They decided to leave the survey and do some exploring. When he saw the gulf that ended my exploration Gemmell suggested that we should bring ladders and descend it. We returned by yet another route. It was slow and laborious work dragging ladders, but at last the job was done and we soon had them belayed to a boulder and descended. We found the floor a mass of broken rock through which the water from the fall disappeared. There was a huge boulder in the centre - quite the largest boulder I have ever seen. Ridges found a vertical hole near the foot of the ladder and he and Gemmell began to alter the belay of the ladder so that they could descend. I climbed about 40 feet up the Southern wall and entered a cavern of similar proportions to the one we had left on the opposite side of the gulf.

On and on it went. Sometimes my path lay over great boulders, sometimes I cautiously crawled by holes which emitted the roar of water from far below. Then another great gulf, not unlike the first one, brought me to a halt. There was no waterfall this time, but the roar of water was louder than ever and my light could not penetrate the depths. I returned, and was astonished by the length of the cavern - now known as the Montagu Cavern. Gemmell and Ridges had altered the ladder when I reached them and I followed as they descended and found them standing by a swift stream which ran through a Master Cave thirty or more feet high.

This exploration began at midnight. A keen wind was sweeping the moor, with brief showers as we trudged across in the first dark hour of the morning. The descent of Lancaster Hole is not always as comfortable as it was on the day of our first trip. To-day, the sound of water thrashing on rock banished our hopes of remaining dry. Conditions on the second ledge resembled a thunder shower; 30 feet farther down a stream spouts out and pours down the ladder. The unfortunate climber is drenched and blinded. He continues steadily downwards, swallowing mouthfuls of water and gasping for breath. He reaches the bottom, withstands the full force of a 50 foot waterfall while he unties his bowline, then gropes his way into the warm shelter of the passage. Under such conditions life-lines are very important. Oakes and Wilf Taylor spent a cold, cheerless night in a nearby barn, with instructions to return in six hours to haul Comes and myself out.

We quickly made for the Montagu Cavern and, as we moved along its mighty cloven floor I waited expectantly for his opinion. It came at last and confirmed my own. "What a hole, it is certainly terrific". Actually, though survey is not yet made, we estimate the length of this cavern at nearly 400 yards - not feet.

We took the ladders to the sheer pitch which marked the beginning of the unknown. An easy climb brought us to a floor of shattered boulders amongst which the water roared and foamed. The stream emerged from a cave on the left - and what a cave it was. Stalactites hung in thousands and the walls were a mass of calcareous draperies. Scrambling over the rocks we found the water's exit, a cave similarly festooned with beautiful formations. A great stalactite, six or seven feet long showed dimly in the distance.

Following the dry cave we entered a labyrinth of chambers and passages, crossed a noisy little stream, and crouched through a low tunnel which brought us to the foot of a pothole with walls rising smooth and straight into the gloom above. In a roomy passage on the left we found another small stream which rushed from a narrow winding passage. Reluctantly we left further exploration to a later date. The mysteries of that wonderful underground river shall some day be known, and the windings of innumerable passages, unseen as yet by human eyes, will be charted and scheduled under the heading "Lancaster Hole".

The article reprinted above raises once again the question who did discover Lancaster Hole. George Cornes is widely held by most authors to be the discoverer of Lancaster Hole. Cornes himself, who died in 1995, was typically modest about his part in the discovery; always claiming it was a team effort. One of the few self written accounts about his part appeared in the Red Rose Cave and Pothole Club Journal Number 5, 1970, quoted the above article and is reproduced here in part:

"The original paper documenting the discovery of Lancaster Hole was written by R. W. (Bill) Taylor of the Settle British Speleological Association. It described a day on September 29th, 1946, on Casterton Fell. The B.S.A. were then descending Hellot Hole for the first time, having been informed by the farmer that this had opened up. Bill Taylor and I instead went searching for new potholes on Casterton Fell in the valley where the Lancaster Hole entrance lies.

In Taylors article (the original, in his hand, is in my possession and available for scrutiny by sceptics), he states "George and I prospected on the moor..." and went on to describe our (editors italics) find of draught emerging from a small gravely hollow overgrown with grass. When this was published in Cave science No. 2, p.34, 1947, the text was modified to read:

"This morning George Cornes went down to examine the possibility of enlarging the fissure, whilst W. Oakes, L. Kitchen, Wilf Taylor and myself scouted over the moorland in search of new openings. It was a gloriously sunny day and we sat on the grass to rest. I suddenly became aware that the grass was quivering in a strong air current..."

It can thus be seen that the story of this discovery was altered between the author's pen and the published account. When this version appeared, no on at the time felt sufficiently strongly about it to raise the issue"

Nowhere else in the quoted article does Cornes mention the actual discovery and I can find no other published or verbal accounts by Cornes. Certainly Jim Eyres in the B.C.R.A. publication " The Ease Gill System" 1989 and Descent 127 credits Cornes with the discovery; as does Len Cook in Descent 132. Newspaper accounts of the time also credit Cornes as the discoverer (c.f. Lancashire Daily Post 6 September 1947 " Lancaster Man Found Fell Caverns" and others).

The Club maintains members personal details on personal computers under the control of the Club. These details are simply your name, address, telephone numbers, your category of membership, and whether or not your subscription has been paid. The computer records enable you to receive your newsletter and other information.

In order to comply with the requirements of the Data Protection Act 1984, which was introduced to avoid possible misuse, and to ensure accuracy of computer information, we have to invite anyone who objects to the retention of the above information about themselves on the Clubs computers, to write to the Editor or Secretary. In these circumstances, we would have to maintain the same information on separate manual records, which may complicate and delay the circulation of your newsletter and other notices sent for your benefit and information.

We hope you will appreciate that our computer records are kept to simplify our administrative tasks, that there is little possibility of these details being misused, and that you will not therefore register any objections.

At a recent Tuesday evening seminar organised by Burnley Sport and Community Development in conjunction with Awards for All; your Tacklemaster and Editor learnt all about applications for Lottery grants. Armed with this information B.C.C. hopes to apply for a grant in the region of £5000 shortly. This application will probably be for new caving lights, other equipment and training for Club members to take their Local Cave Leader qualification.

To stand the best chance of being awarded the grant some changes will need to be made to the Club Constitution. As the Constitution dates from 1950 and was last amended some years ago, at the same time it is hoped to "tidy up" some ambiguous points and thus "future proof" the Constitution for use into the next Millennium. These matters at the time of writing are under discussion by the Council and a vote on a new amended Constitution will be made at the November Annual General Meeting. The next newsletter will contain more details of the situation.

I am hoping to start a letters page in the next newsletter. If you have any contribution to make regarding any aspect of caving please write to me with a view to publication. Opinions on any matter are welcome, perhaps criticism or comment of some aspect of this newsletter, or perhaps some other subject.

This newsletter depends on your contribution, the more material I receive the better I will hopefully be able to compile an interesting read. Any publication of any club depends on its members contribution to thrive, I look forward to being inundated.

Thank you to Bernie, Will, Chris and SPELEOscene for their contributions to this Newsletter. Please send any contributions to the Editor for future issues.

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